Sunday -- nichi-youbi
Monday -- getsu-youbi
Tuesday -- ka-youbi
Wednesday -- sui-youbi
Thursday -- moku-youbi
Friday -- kin-youbi
Saturday -- do-youbi
Which day of the week? general counter/question -- nan-youbi
When? (time in general) -- itsu
When is the party? It's tomorrow. -- Paatii wa itsu desu ka. Ashita desu.
*What day of the week is it today? -- Kyou wa nan-youbi desu ka.
Which days do you have your lessons? Wednesdays and Fridays.-- Ressun wa nan-youbi desu ka. Sui-youbi to kin-youbi desu.
*What day of the week is your Japanese class? -- Nihon-go no ressun (kurasu) wa nan-youbi desu ka.
What day is tomorrow? It's Tuesday. -- Ashita wa nan-youbi desu ka. Ka-youbi desu.
What month is your birthday? -- Tanjoubi wa nan-gatsu desu ka.
birthday -- tanjoubi
Tomorrow is Mr.Tanaka's birthday. -- Ashita wa Tanaka-san no tanjoubi desu.
Happy Birthday! -- O-tanjoubi omedetou gozaimasu
When is Mr. Tanaka's birthday? It's on Jan. 11th. -- Tanaka-san no tanjoubi wa itsu desu ka. Ichi-gatsu juuichi-nichi desu.
*Ms. Halper, your birthday is April 30, isn't it? -- Halper-san, o-tanjoubi wa shi-gatsu sanjuu-nichi desu ne.
a.m. -- gozen
p.m. -- gogo
last year -- kyonen
this year -- kotoshi
next year -- rainen
last month -- sen'getsu
this month -- kon'getsu
next month -- raigetsu
last week -- sen'shuu
this week -- kon'shuu
next week -- raishuu
yesterday -- kinou
today -- kyou
tomorrow -- ashita
yesterday morning -- kinou no asa
this morning -- kesa
tomorrow morning -- ashita no asa
morning -- asa
yersterday noon -- kinou no hiru
this noon -- kyou no hiru 
tomorrow noon -- ashita no hiru
noon (~noon to 2:30 pm) -- hiru
yesterday evening -- kinou no ban
this evening -- kon'ban
tomorrow evening -- ashita no ban
evening/night time (formal) -- ban
evening/night time (informal) -- yoru
January -- ichi-gatsu
February -- ni-gatsu
March -- san-gatsu
April -- shi-gatsu
May -- go-gatsu
June -- roku-gatsu
July -- shichi-gatsu
August -- hachi-gatsu
September -- ku-gatsu
October -- juu-gatsu
November -- juuichi-gatsu
December --juuni-gatsu
What month? general counter/question -- nan-gatsu
What year was last year? It was 2000. -- Kyonen wa nan-nen deshita ka. Ni-sen-nen deshita.
What year? general counter/question -- nan-nen
*What year were the Tokyo Olympics? It was 1964. -- Toukyou orinpikku wa nan-nen deshita ka. Senkyuuhyakurokujuuyo-nen deshita. NOTE: yo-nen
Yesterday was Friday. -- Kinou wa kin-youbi deshita.
was/were -- deshita
now -- ima
1st of the month -- tsuitachi
2nd day of the month -- futsu-ka
3rd day of the month -- mik-ka
4th day of the month -- yok-ka
5th day of the month -- itsu-ka
6th day of the month -- mui-ka
7th day of the month -- nano-ka
8th day of the month -- yoo^-ka
9th day of the month -- kokono-ka
10th day of the month -- too-ka
11th day of the month -- juuichi-nichi
12th day of the month -- juuni-nichi
13th day of the month -- juusan-nichi
14th day of the month -- juuyok-ka
15th day of the month -- juugo-nichi
16th day of the month -- juuroku-nichi
17th day of the month -- juushichi-nichi
18th day of the month -- juuhachi- nichi
19th day of the month -- juuku-nichi
20th day of the month -- hatsu-ka
21st day of the month -- nijuuichi-nichi
22nd day of the month -- nijuuni-nichi
23rd day of the month -- nijuusan-nichi
24th day of the month -- nijuuyok-ka
25th day of the month -- nijuugo-nichi
26th day of the month -- nijuuroku-nichi
27th day of the month -- nijuushichi-nichi
28th day of the month -- nijuuhachi-nichi
29th day of the month -- nijuuku-nichi
30th day of the month -- sanjuu-nichi
31st day of the month -- sanjuuichi-nichi
What day of the month? general counter/question -- nan-nichi
Today is June 18th. -- Kyou wa roku-gatsu juuhachi-nichi desu.
*Today is July 20th. -- Kyou wa shichi-gatsu hatsu-ka desu.
Yesterday was the 1rst. -- Kinou wa tsuitachi deshita.
Tomorrow is the 14th. -- Ashita wa juuyok-ka desu.
*What is the date today (month/day of the month)? -- Kyou wa nan-gatsu nan-nichi desu ka.
1 o'clock -- ichi-ji
2 o'clock -- ni-ji
3 o'clock -- san-ji
4 o'clock -- yo-ji
5 o'clock -- go-ji
6 o'clock -- roku-ji
7 o'clock -- shichi-ji / nana-ji
8 o'clock -- hachi-ji
9 o'clock -- ku-ji
10 o'clock -- juu-ji
11 o'clock -- juuichi-ji
12 o'clock -- juuni-ji
13.00 h -- juusan-ji
14.00 h -- juuyo-ji
15.00 h -- juugo-ji
16.00 h -- juuroku-ji
17.00 h -- juushichi-ji
18.00 h -- juuhachi-ji
19.00 h -- juuku-ji
20.00 h -- nijuu-ji
21.00 h -- nijuuichi-ji
22.00 h -- nijuuni-ji
23.00 h -- nijuusan-ji
24.00 h -- nijuuyo-ji
What time? general counter/question -- nan-ji
*Excuse me, what time is it now in Tokyo? It's exactly 9. -- Sumimasen. Toukyo wa ima nan-ji desu ka. Choudo ku-ji desu.
*Excuse me. What time is the meeting (formal). It's at 2:30 in the afternoon. -- Sumimasen. Kaigi wa nan-ji deshou ka. Gogo ni-ji han desu.
*Mr. Tanaka, when is your business trip? It's from August 1 to August 5. -- Tanaka-san, shutchou wa itsu desu ka. Hachi-gatsu tsuitachi kara hachi-gatsu itsu-ka made desu.
*Your vacation is from June 3 until June 20, isn't it? -- Kyuuka wa roku-gatsu mik-ka kara roku-gatsu hatsu-ka made desu ne.
*What days are your days off? I'm off on Sunday and Monday. -- Yasumi wa nan-youbi desu ka. Nichi-youbi to getsu-youbi desu.
*The post office is open from 8:30 am till 5:30 pm isn't it? --Yuubinkyoku wa gozen hachi-ji han kara gogo go-ji han made desu ne.
post office --yuubinkyoku
bank -- ginkou
coffee shop -- kissaten
*My friend's wedding is next Sunday. -- Tomodachi no kekkon-shiki wa raishuu no nichi-youbi desu.
exactly -- choudo
approximately (with specific time) -- goro
1 minute -- ip-pun
2 minutes -- ni-fun
3 minutes -- san-pun
4 minutes -- yon-pun
5 minutes -- go-fun
6 minutes -- rop-pun
7 minutes -- shichi-fun or: nana-fun
8 minutes -- hachi-fun or: hap-pun
9 minutes -- kyuu-fun
10 minutes -- jup-pun or: jip-pun
11 minutes -- juuip-pun
12 minutes -- juuni-fun
14 minutes -- juuyon-pun
20 minutes -- nijuup-pun or: nijip-pun
24 minutes -- nijuuyon-pun or: nijuuyon-fun
How many minutes? general counter/question -- nan-pun
From 10 am until 6 pm. -- Gozen juu-ji kara gogo roku-ji made desu.
What are your office hours? 9 to 5. -- Kaisha wa nan-ji kara nan-ji made desu ka. Ku-ji kara go-ji made desu.
party -- paatii
meeting -- kaigi
office -- kaisha
restaurant -- resutoran
department store -- depaato
hospital -- byouin
library -- toshokan
What time does the store open? It opens at 10. -- Depaato wa nan-ji kara desu ka. Juu-ji kara desu.
How late does it stay open? It stays open until 6 pm. -- Nan-ji made desu ka. Gogo roku-ji made desu.
What time is it in Tokyo? -- Toukyou wa nan-ji desu ka.
It's 9:50. -- Ku-ji gojuppun desu. WORD ORDER: 1 Hour 2 minutes
It's 9:30. -- Ku-ji han desu.
half -- han
When is your birthday (month/day of the month)? -- Tanjoubi wa nan-gatsu nan-nichi desu ka.
half past one (lit. 1 o'clock half) -- ichi-ji han
What are your opening hours? (from...until) -- Nan-ji kara nan-ji made desu ka.
What are the usual hours of the supermarket? Ordinarily from 10 am to 6 pm. -- Futsuu suupaa wa nan-ji kara nan-ji made desu ka. Futsuu gozen juu-ji kara gogo roku-jii made desu.
Which day is the department store closed? It's closed on Sunday. -- Depaato wa yasumi wa nan-youbi desu ka. Nichi-youbi desu.
usually -- futsuu
Japanese lesson -- Nihon-go no ressun
lesson -- ressun
business trip -- shutchou
concert -- kon'saato
*It's open from 10:00 in the morning till 6:00 in the evening. -- Asa no juu-ji kara yoru no roku-ji made desu.
*It's from 10:00 in the morning till 6:00 in the evening? Thank you. -- Asa no juu-jii kara yoru no roku-ji made desu ka. Doumo.
1/2 year -- han-toshi
1 year -- ichi-nen
1 1/2 years -- ichi-nen-han
2 years -- ni-nen
3 years -- san-nen
4 years -- yo-nen
5 years -- go-nen
6 years -- roku-nen
7 years -- nana-nen or shichi-nen
8 years -- hachi-nen
9 years -- kyuu-nen or ku-nen
10 years -- juu-nen
11 years -- juuichi-nen
12 years -- juuni-nen
How many years? general counter/question -- nan-nen
1/2 months -- han-tsuki
1 month -- ik-kagetsu
1 1/2 months -- ik-kagetsu-han
2 months -- ni-kagetsu
3 months -- san-kagetsu
4 months -- yon-kagetsu
5 months -- go-kagetsu
6 months -- rok-kagetsu
7 months -- nana-kagetsu or shichi-kagetsu
8 months -- hachi-kagetsu or hak-kagetsu
9 months -- kyuu-kagetsu or ku-kagetsu
10 months -- juk-kagetsu or jik-kagetsu
11 months -- juuichi-kagetsu or juuik-kagetsu
12 months -- juuni-kagetsu
How many months? general counter/question -- nan-kagetsu
1 week -- is-shuukan
1 1/2 weeks -- is-shuukan-han
2 weeks -- ni-shuukan
3 weeks -- san-shuukan
4 weeks -- yon-shuukan
5 weeks -- go-shuukan
6 weeks -- roku-shuukan
7 weeks -- nana-shuukan
8 weeks -- hachi-shuukan or has-shuukan
9 weeks -- kyuu-shuukan
10 weeks -- jus-shuukan or jis-shuukan
11 weeks -- juuichi-shuukan or juuis-shuukan
12 weeks -- juuni-shuukan
How many weeks? general counter/question -- nan-shuukan
1/2 day -- han-nichi
1 day -- ichi-nichi
1 1/2 days -- ichi-nichi-han
2 days -- futsu-ka
3 days -- mik-ka
4 days -- yok-ka
5 days -- itsu-ka
6 days -- mui-ka
7 days -- nano-ka
8 days -- yoo^-ka
9 days -- kokono-ka
10 days -- too-ka
11 days -- juuichi-nichi
12 days -- juuni-nichi
How many days? general counter/question -- nan-nichi
1 hour -- ichi-jikan
2 hours -- ni-jikan
3 hours -- san-jikan
4 hours -- yo-jikan
5 hours -- go-jikan
6 hours -- roku-jiikan
7 hours -- shichi-jikan or nana-jikan
8 hours -- hachi-jikan
9 hours -- ku-jikan or kyuu-jikan
10 hours -- juu-jikan
11 hours -- juuichi-jikan
12 hours -- juuni-jikan
How many hours? general counter/question -- nan-jikan
How long is your vacation? One week. -- Kyuuka wa dono gurai desu ka. Is-shuukan desu.
*How long is your business trip? It's five days long. -- Shutchou wa dono gurai desu ka. Itsu-ka desu.
weekend -- shuumatsu (takes ni)
about -- gurai
How long? general counter/question -- dono gurai
About 4 years. -- Yo-nen gurai desu.
vacation (more formal/specific) -- kyuuka
closed (more general), e.g. days off, vacation, closing day -- yasumi
no days off -- yasumi ga arimasen
up-coming holidays -- kondo no yasumi
It's open Mondays thru Thursdays from 9 am to 5 pm. -- Getsu-youbi kara moku-youbi made gozen ku-ji kara gogo go-ji made desu.
next April -- rainen no shi-gatsu
later/after -- go
ago/before -- mae
last Sunday -- senshuu no nichi-youbi
next Sunday -- raishuu no nichi-youbi
every day -- mainichi
last weekend -- senshuu no shuumatsu (when past tense at the end of the sentence shuumatsu alone is okay)