How long does it take from Tokyo to Nikko by car? -- Toukyou kara Nikkou made kuruma de dono gurai kakarimasu ka. NOTE: [Starting point/place] kara [destination/place] made [means] de dono gurai kakirimasu ka.
Does it take? -- Kakarimasu ka.
Does it take? More: Do you think it will take? -- Kakaru deshou ka. NOTE: Kakaru deshou ka is more indirect or uncertain, therefore more polite.
How long does it take from here? -- Koko kara dono gurai kakarimasu ka. (or: Koko kara donno gurai desu ka.) NOTE: If what the verb means is clear from the context "desu" can be used.
How long to you think it will take to Sendai? -- Sendai made dono gurai kakaru deshou ka. (or: Sendai made dono gurai deshou ka.) NOTE: kakaru deshou can be replaced by deshou when clear from context
How many hours does it take from Tokyo to Nikko by car? -- Toukyou kara Nikkou made kuruma de nan-jikan kakarimasu ka. NOTE: "dono gurai" can be replaced by a more specific question word: nan-jikan, nan-pun (minutes) etc
It takes about in hour. -- Ichi-jikan gurai kakarimasu. NOTE: [Amount of time] (gurai) kakarimasu. "Kakarimasu" can be replaced by "desu" when clear from context.
I think it will take about two hours. -- Ni-jikan gurai kakaru deshou. Note: "kakaru deshou" can be replaced by "deshou" when clear from context
1 to 2 hours -- ichi-ni-jikan
2 to 3 hours -- ni-san-jikan
3 to 4 hours -- san-yo-jikan
4 to 5 hours -- shi-go-jikan
5 to 6 hours -- go-roku-jikan
1 to 2 minutes -- ichi-ni-fun
2 to 3 minutes -- ni-san-pun
3 to 4 minutes -- san-yon-pun
4 to 5 minutes -- shi-go-fun
5 to 6 minutes -- go-rop-pun
20 to 30 minutes -- ni-san-jup-pun
30 to 40 minutes -- san-yon-jup-pun
40 to 50 minutes -- shi-go-jup-pun
50 to 60 minutes -- go-roku-jup-pun
from 1 1/2 to 2 hours -- ichi-jikan han kara ni-jikan NOTE: [minimum number] kara [maximum number]
from 3 to 5 hours -- san-jikan kara go-jikan
from 1 hour 15 minutes to 1 1/2 hours -- ichi-jikan juugo-fun kara ichi-jikan han
from 10 to 15 minutes -- jup-pun kara juugo-fun
How long do you think it will take to Roppongi? Maybe about 15 to 20 minutes. -- Roppongi made dono gurai kakaru deshou ka. Juugo-fun kara nijup-pun gurai deshou.
How long does it take to Sendai by plane? About an hour. -- Sendai made hikouki de dono gurai kakarimasu ka. Ichi-jikan gurai desu.
plane -- hikouki
train -- densha
subway -- chikatetsu
car -- kuruma
bicycle -- jitensha
limited express train -- tokkyuu
week day -- heijitsu
It takes time. -- Jikan ga kakarimasu.
It takes time by car. -- Kuruma wa jikan ga kakarimasu. NOTE: this expression is often preceded by ________wa
How was traffic? -- Michi wa dou deshita ka.
There was a lot of traffic. -- Michi ga konde imashita.
it's crowded (cars/people) -- konde imasu
it's empty (cars/people) -- suite imasu 
after thinking it over / just as I planned or thought -- yappari
Well then, I take the train just as I'd planned. -- Sore jaa, yappari densha de ikimasu.
In spite of that, I will go tomorrow, just as I'd planned. -- Demo, yappari ashita ikimasu.
(Excuse me). May I interrupt you for a moment Mr. Tanaka? Sure, go ahead. (level 2) -- Tanaka-san, (sumimasen) chotto ii  desu ka. Ee, douzo. NOTE: "ii desu ka" is used in asking s.o.'s permission, it can mean: May I interrupt you? May I use your phone? etc.
Is it okay to interrupt for a moment. Sure. (level 1) -- Chotto ii. Un, ii yo (male response). Ee, ii wa yo (female response).
Excuse me. May I interrupt for a moment. Yes, you may. (level 3) -- Shitsurei itashimasu. Yoroshii deshou ka. Hai.